6+ Weirdest Solutions To Prevent Littering In Your Area

Simply brilliant ideas with real life examples to prevent littering and to keep your area clean.

 

It’s Time For Real Problems And Weird Solutions!

What do you see when you step out of your home? Do you see vulgar graffiti, ugly walls and corners with spit marks? Do you have to hold your nose while walking through smelly overflowing sewers? Are you fed up of public urination and rampant littering in your area? Do you want to prevent littering in your area?

If yes, this article is just perfect for you.

Although this scenario is very common in most of the developing countries, some areas in developed countries are also not different.

So, what can you do to keep your city, village and ultimately the whole country clean?

First, we have to dig deep and find the root cause.

 

In This Article:

 

• Problem 1: People are lazy and careless

Examples:  

• • 1: Now crows will pick up your trash:Training the birds to pick up trash
  • 2: It’s a pee-back time: A wall that actually shoots urine back.
    
    

 

• Problem 2: People are not afraid to litter

Examples:  

• • 1: This town mails dog poop back to negligent owners.
    
    

 

• Problem 3: Dirty place attracts more trash.

Examples:  

• • 1: How gods are stopping people from spitting.
    
    

 

• Problem 4:There are no public trash cans.

Examples:  

• • 1: Trash bins are now fun bins: Interactive trash bins are making it fun to throw the trash
    
    

 

• Problem 5: Some problems cannot be solved alone

Examples:  

• • 1: What happens when 1 million people flush at the same time?
    
    

 

• A Quick recap at solutions to prevent littering in your area

 

Problem 1: People Are Lazy And Careless

 

Laziness and carelessness are the root cause of habitual littering.

Nowadays, people are so driven towards their personal goals that, civic sense and basic ethics have become a low priority.

People have become too lazy and unwilling to throw away trash in the rightful places.

 

Solution:

If we can create awareness about civic sense and social ethics, it could make a difference to the country as well as improve the quality of their lives.

Do you know, crows in France are helping us to create awareness about littering? Yes, crows! You read it right. Let’s have a look.

 

Now Crows Will Pick Up Your Trash

Popular theme park in France has trained birds to pick up cigarette ends and rubbish in exchange for food.

Puy du Fou — a historical theme park in France attracts more than 2 million visitors a year, making it the second most popular theme park in France after Disneyland Paris.

Puy du Fou is well known for its historical shows about Vikings, sword fights and a falconry show where crows are trained to pick up flowers and deliver them to princesses.

With that amount of park goers, litter is inevitable. Hence, the park has increased staff strength of their cleaning department by employing rooks!

Yes, you read it right. They are using rooks to prevent littering.

That’s weird!

 

How it started?

For those who are not aware, rooks are part of the crow family. They are very sociable and famously intelligent birds.

Crows are known to pick up random objects which are ‘unnatural in the environment’ and bring them back to their nests.

In park’s famous falconry show, trained rooks pick up roses and bring them to a “princess” in the castle.

If they can be trained to pick up flowers, why can’t we train them to pick up trash?

They can be trained to pick up cigarette butts and other pieces of trash and depositing them into a box.

That’s crazy!

I mean why? What’s the logic in it?

Why anyone would like to spend precious time and energy to train birds, when they can simply hire human staff?

 

Vision:

The actual purpose of the project isn’t really to get the park cleaner. Most of the visitors are generally careful to keep things clean and the park is already quite tidy.

The idea is more about preventing littering by showing visitors that, nature itself can teach us to take care of the environment.

In simple words,

If birds can be schooled to pick up the trash, why can’t humans?

Ohh… That’s impressive.

 

How it works?

• The falconer trains rooks using a double door cabinet.

• Initially, a piece of paper is placed on the ground nearby, and as soon as the crow picks up the piece of paper and returns it to the trainer, they get rewarded with yummy snack treat.

• The distance is slowly increased, so the bird has to travel further and further for the piece of food.

• Eventually, the birds come to associate tidying up with food and happily pick up cigarette butts and small pieces of paper, and put them in the box.

 

Pros:

• Creates awareness:

  These rooks not only do a great job, but also are more of a lesson for humans about the downfall of littering.
  
  

• Increases bonding:

  These birds like to socialize and enjoy communicating with humans and establish a relationship through play. It helps to increase the bonding between human and nature.
  
  

• Attracts tourists:

  Who wouldn’t like to see smart cleaners? Birds that pick up human trash has become a huge attraction for visitors, which has given new heights to the popularity of this park.

 

Cons:

• Needs close supervision of a falconer:

  Watching birds picking up the trash is fun! And to see it again and again, people may actually throw more garbage around. Even I would have done the same thing to check how efficient these birds are. What about you? Don’t lie… haha
  
  But tossing garbage intentionally will be exactly opposite of the actual purpose of this project.
  
  Hence, Falconer is needed all the time to take care of these birds as well as to make sure that people will not toss garbage around just to see the birds pick it up.
  
  

• They can’t replace human staff:

  These birds are scheduled to work only four days a week. Yes, only 4 days a week (Can’t tell you who is more lazy-birds or the falconer! (Just kidding). Their task is limited (picking up cigarette butts and small pieces of trash) and in any case, can’t replace the full time working human staff.
  
  

• Smartness is not always good:

  It’s true that rooks are especially chosen for this job because of their smartness. This idea is really brilliant and their skills too.
  
  But these smart employees don’t work for free. Each time they deliver a piece of trash, the box dispenses a tasty treat.
  
  So, sometimes, these (over)smart rooks are seen dropping pieces of wood, instead of garbage, into the box, to get food. Ouch!

 

Impact:

Although this idea has its own limitations, it has successfully served its actual purpose of motivating people to respect nature and keep the surroundings clean.

After all,   

If birds can be schooled to pick up the trash, why can’t humans?

Let’s have a look at another very interesting example:

 

It’s A Pee-Back Time

A wall that actually shoots urine back

Public urination is disgusting. It leaves the streets smelly and the walls stained. It is definitely not a pleasant sight. Especially for the residents who have to hold their nose and watch the dirty walls on regular basis.

There could be many reasons for urinating in public places. Residents of St. Pauli (Hamburg, Germany), an area famous for its nightlife; were especially tired of partygoers who made their life stinky with public urination.

The problem became very serious and unbearable. Any wrong/harsh move would have affected the tourism in that area.

So, the residents decided to fight back in a novel way. In order to make public urination more uncomfortable and regretful, they build a wall that actually shoots urine back at people every time they try to pee on it. Yikes!

 

How it works?

1. Apply coats:

The wall is coated in two stages.
The base-coat is applied to make the underlying surface smoother.

Then a super-hydrophobic coating is applied on a base-coat. This repels most of the water-based and some oil-based liquids from the surface.

2. It’s Time to bounce back:

The coating is so water repellent that when people try to urinate on the wall, the urine bounces straight off the wall onto their shoes and trousers, leaving no trace/stain behind (on the wall).

 

Pros:

 

• Self-cleaning:

  As the coated wall repels liquid quickly, it leaves no urine/ spitting stains. It becomes easier to get rid of the smell of urine and keep the surface clean.
  
  

• Cost effective:

  The paint is relatively cheaper than conventional methods of cleaning urine from walls and footpaths, which consume more time and labour.

 

Cons:

 

• Everyone doesn’t stand:

  Generally, men stand whereas woman sit and urinate. Still, it may vary depending upon the place, culture and age of that person.
  
  Hence, only coating the walls may not be useful in preventing everyone from urinating in public areas, as they can simply urinate on the ground.
  
  

• They need to finish their job:

  Even if someone realizes the problem in urinating on the wall, he just can’t stop in the middle for too long. He will ultimately has to find alternative solution or nearby place to complete the job.
  
  

• You can’t paint all the walls:

  If you coat some walls, people will urinate on remaining ones.
  
  If it is not possible to coat all the walls, one has to at least cover enough walls to make people not want to chance it.
  
  

• Effect is not permanent:

  The coating becomes less effective if it gets rubbed, scratched or eroded. So, like all paints, this one too needs to be regularly reapplied to maintain its efficiency.
  
  

• Some people would probably do it anyway:

  Heavily drunken partygoers may not even realise/ mind getting wet.
  
  Some may even take it as a fun challenge to urinate in a specific angle/ distance from the wall, without getting wet.

 

Impact:

Many cities have followed Hamburg (Germany) and San Francisco in spraying walls with anti-pee paint.

Although this method is really unique and effective in some cases, you can’t stop people completely from urinating in public places just by coating your walls.

It is just a hack and not a permanent solution on this problem. Hence, a deeper thought process and clear understanding is required about the root cause of this issue.

So, is there a permanent solution? Yes!

For that, we first need to understand, why people pee in public.

 

1. For those, who are doing it willingly:

 

Create Awareness:

Some people are too lazy to find an alternative or are prone to public urination. They use their streets as one big public urinal.
If we can create awareness about civic sense and make them realize about the importance of social ethics, it could make a great difference.

 

2. For those, who have no other option:

 

Provide toilets:

In many places, public toilets are either:

• Far away from reach in case of emergency
• Locked
• Too dirty to use
• Not in use due to lack of water supply
• Have higher pay–to-use charges

Hence, many times people are either reluctant or have no facility to use them.

So, if we can improve the quality and number of public toilets with free/ very less pay–to-use charges, people will not feel the need to urinate on the walls/ in public places.

 

Problem 2: People Are Not Afraid To Litter

 

Some people treat the roads and public places like their private property, and just throw rubbish whenever and wherever they want without even thinking about it.

Although some countries have strict laws and fines for littering, many people from other countries still have the notorious ‘I don’t care attitude’. They think that there will be no consequence for their action, and they have a freedom as well as power to throw items anyhow and anywhere they want.

The more they litter, the more it becomes a habit, and the worse the community looks.

Solution:

• Make strict laws:

  Putting strict litter laws for illegal dumping and littering in public places can make people think twice before littering any place.
  
  

• Implement them:

  Just making the laws is not enough. No one will value them unless they are implemented in real life. Or else, they will exist only on the paper and rot in law books.
  
  

• Innovative punishments:

  Many such offenses are punishable by serving a jail term, fines and community service.
  
  Still, many innovative and out of the box punishments can be invented to create more awareness and impact about this issue. This will help in cutting it down at the roots.
  
  Let’s have a look at this real life example…

 

Scoop The Poop Or Be Ready For A Special Stinky Surprise Gift

This town mails dog poop back to negligent owners.

Have you ever experienced making your way carefully through smelly piles of dog/ cat poop while walking on a street or a lawn? Or, have you ever stepped on it accidentally and ruined your nice shoes? Yikes! That’s gross!

Generally, people love to go for a morning walk with their pets. That’s great, really great.

Even I would love to burn some calories by going for a walk with my super cute little pet, produce some vitamin D under a pleasant sunlight and inhale some fresh morning air.

But remember… if you take your pets out for a walk, they are going to poop. Many good and responsible pet owners collect these droppings in a bag and then dispose them off in a suitable dustbin.

But in many cases, People do not feel responsible for public areas like streets and parks.

The only reason to take pets out for a walk is to let them poop outside their own neighbourhood where it becomes someone else’s problem and they can avoid the responsibility of cleaning the stinky mess inside their own house.

If it is a common thing in your area, I sincerely feel pity for you. Aren’t you sick of it? Don’t you cuss irresponsible dog / cat owners who left it behind?

Well, Spanish village of Brunete (Near Madrid) wanted to teach a good lesson to such pet owners, so that they will never ever dare to leave the poop behind. They came up with a really innovative and weird idea.

 

How it started?

A Poop Robot:

In order to prevent such littering, the town drove small, remote-controlled pieces of plastic poop with a message: “Don’t leave me, pick me up!” around, accosting people enjoying their day.

Can you imagine the poop piles running around? That’s hilarious!

This trick definitely created some air. But something crazy and extraordinary was needed to create deep impact and more awareness.

So, they started mailing dog poop back to irresponsible owners who left it behind.

Yes. They actually did that.

 

How it works?

• Locate the target:

  The town recruited 20 volunteers to keep an eye on the irresponsible pet owners who let their dogs poop and then casually walked away, unconcerned with the fate of the pile.
  
  

• Identify the owner:

  These volunteers strike up a conversation with such owners in order to get the information about name and breed of the pet.
  This way, it is possible to identify the owner from the registered pet database and get his address.
  
  

  Note:

  In 2011, the town council of Hernani (Spain), made it mandatory for dog owners to include a sample of their dog’s DNA in their pet registration. This way, if any piles of poo are discovered; the town can track down the responsible pet owner. Whoa!
  
  

• Collect the evidence:

  The volunteers collect the poop, box it.

 

• Time for a surprise:

  The freshly packed, smelly poop is hand delivered to the dog owner. The owner gets a shock of his life and never dares to repeat the mistake.
  
  Can you imagine the owner’s reaction after receiving this special delivery? It must be hilarious. Ha-ha! I just can’t stop laughing. 

 

Impact:

As people are more afraid of such ‘shocking’ surprise gifts than regular fines, there was an immediate 70% reduction in such incidents.

So, it really worked!

Bingo!

 

Problem 3: Dirty Place Attracts More Trash

 

 

Research has proven a correlation between the presence of litter in a given area and the intentional throwing of litter at that particular spot.

In simple words, if an area is clean, people are less likely to litter.

And if an area is already dirty, they won’t mind making it dirtier.

But why?

It’s because, the presence of existing litter acts like a trigger and gives the impression that it’s the right place to discard items.

Once litter starts to pile up, people feel even less responsible for adding to the litter.

So, if you are in a place that’s already highly littered, you’re much more likely to litter either accidentally or intentionally.

 

Solutions:

 

1. Regular cleaning:

As the existing litter attracts more litter, removing litter frequently and promptly may help to discourage people from littering. Frequent street sweeping also prevents trash and debris from clogging storm drains and ending up in creeks.  

 

2. Clean and beautify the area:

 

High traffic and crowded areas like stations, connecting streets near public transport are used on daily basis by thousands of pedestrians and commuters which makes them prone to littering.

To prevent littering or at least discourage the people even further from littering these places, the ugly walls with various stains can be cleaned and then beautified by painting colourful graffiti and social messages on them.

 

Pros:

• Due to the beautified walls and surroundings, passers-by do not feel like spitting, littering the vicinity, or sticking ugly posters on the walls.

 

Cons:

• It may turn out costlier to paint all the walls.
• Permission might be required from authorities before painting the walls in public places.
• If people lack civic sense, the walls will still get dirty even after painting.
• It is difficult to keep a watch all the time and catch all offenders, especially when it’s very crowded.

 

3. Think out of the box:

Putting up anti-littering signs can discourage people from littering. But there is no guarantee for it.

So, can we use something that may not look like a typical signage or a warning sign, but will still work effectively?

Yes, people in India are already using this trick since decades to prevent littering. 

 

Gods Are Great In Keeping The City Clean

Images of the gods are stopping people from spitting.

 

In many underprivileged localities and overused public places, walls and corners are covered with red spitting stains. This not only looks gross, but also spreads some deadly diseases like tuberculosis (TB).

Spitting on streets is largely due to people who consume paan and tobacco products. In addition, there are ‘casual spitters’ who do it out of habit.

These disgusting red coated walls take a lot of effort to scrub them off.

• Many litres of acid and strong chemical cleaners are used every month to clean the stains, which is definitely not good for the environment.
• It takes thousands of litres of water and unimaginable amount of money from the budget to clean these stains.

Nowadays, when the faith and religions are mainly used as business tool to make money by playing with your fears, it can also be used for a good cause of keeping the surroundings clean.

Yup. This trick is simple, yet simply outstanding.

It’s a tried and tasted formula that works almost every time.

 

How it works?

Does your area / building face serious littering / spitting issues?

Just put the frame/ painting or paste a simple printout of the god in the areas which are prone to get dirty.

For example: Corners of your building’s staircase, walls near public transportation like stations, subways etc.

Now, who would dare to spit at god’s image?

Due to the faith and religious sentiments associated with that god, people will feel hesitant to spit or throw trash in that area, ultimately keeping it clean and spotless.

Wow!

How simple is that?

 

Pros:

• Easy yet brilliant:

  Putting up a frame or pasting an image of the god is really simple way to prevent littering and gives immediate results.

 

• It’s cost effective:

  You can simply take a printout of the image and paste it on the wall. Even a low quality black and white one will also do. There is absolutely no need to spend money on painting the entire wall.

 

Cons:

• This is not a permanent solution but just a hack.
• Too much of such photos can affect the overall look and feel of that area.
• Due to the religious sentiments attached with the god, the photos cannot be used in inappropriate places like toilets, drainage systems etc.
• If a person is not bothered about it/ have no faith in that god and spits anyways, it may hurt the religious sentiments of the people in that area. (Chances are very low)

 

Impact:

Using the faith as a weapon against littering is a trick that always works.

In India, walls bearing posters and photos of gods generally remain spotlessly clean and get no red stains as compared to the other walls which have no such posters.

Still, once the photo gets removed due to any reason, people start littering the place once again.

So, while gods have been successful in keeping the areas clean, ultimately it’s all about individual self-restraint and willingness to prevent littering and keep the surroundings clean.

 

Problem 4: There Are No Public Trash Cans

 

Many passengers, pedestrians and residents blame rampant littering on the lack of public trash cans.

Also, if the trash bins are too far from reach, it discourages people from using them at all.

Most of the times, people do care. But if it’s too much of a hassle or too inconvenient to use, people do litter, even though they already care about it.

Even I remember walking for long time in search of a trash bin and then eventually throwing the trash on the existing pile of litter on the road, as I had no other choice.

 

Solutions:

Put up more litter bins:

Putting up enough litter bins in crowded streets, public areas, and near public transport stations /bus stops as well as fast-food restaurants offer convenience in the disposal and collection of the litter. This can prevent littering to a great extent. 

 

Make them easy to spot:

Litter bin should be predictably located and clearly visible. The goal is to make it easy for people to spot it, especially when they need one, and not to make people go very far out of the way to find one.

 

Maintain regularly:

Animal scavengers and blowing wind can scatter the items around. Litter bins/containers need to be emptied regularly, so they don’t simply overflow and discourage people from using them.

 

Make it fun:

In many places, garbage is dumped just outside the trash bin. I always wonder, why do people litter even when there is a bin? It’s really unfortunate that, they simply don’t care or feel the need to use it.

So, can we do something to encourage them to put the trash in its right place? Can a boring and mindless job of throwing the trash become fun?

Off course!

You will be amazed to see the super innovative versions of our regular boring trash bins.

 

Trash Bins Are Now Fun Bins

Interactive trash bins are making it fun to throw the trash

By changing the simple task of throwing out trash into a game, we can add fun element to it and encourage more people to participate, which will ultimately help in keeping the area clean.

Let’s have a look at some really innovative and interactive fun bins.

 

1. Solve the maze to reach bin

 

The city government in Lucerne (Switzerland) wanted to discourage littering by drawing attention to public trash cans.

What they did was really simple.

They put games like mazes and hopscotch around the cans by painting the roads.

So, you have to jump several times for hopscotch or find your way through a super simple little maze in order to reach a dustbin.  

Pros:

• It may sound simple and stupid, but it’s really fun.
• It needs no additional expensive setup, only paint few strokes on the road and it’s done!

 

2. Vote with your waste

Interactive trash bins to cast your vote | Vicharoo Source

 

People love to be heard and express their opinion. So giving them an open chance to cast their vote on any trendy topic is a great way to engage them.

But how can we use it to prevent littering?

The idea is brilliantly simple

 

How it works?

We all know that, for voting there should be at least 2 parties.

So, 2 ballot bins in the form of two large clear containers are placed on the streets with a light-hearted question hanged above them.

For example, “Who’s the greatest soccer player in the world—Lionel Messi or Cristiano Ronaldo?”

Or,

“Who’s your favourite superhero— Batman or Superman? “ etc.

People just have to pop their trash in one of these containers to cast their vote for the corresponding message.

These questions are changed from time to time to engage more and more people.

Depending upon the design, we can even restrict the bins for any particular type of waste, i.e. only plastic glasses / cigarette butts etc.

 

Pros:

• Makes it easier to collect only particular type of trash.
• It can also help in knowing people’s opinion about any issue while collecting the trash
• Right to cast their vote makes people feel special and at the same time more responsible.

 

Impact:

Such types of bins have already created impact in Rotterdam, Edinburgh and London etc.

People were engaged by the statements and basically had fun while using the installations.

They got so impressed with this unique interactive concept that, they took photos with the signs and it went viral on social media.

Cigarette butt littering on the streets also reduced significantly.

 

3. Play basketball with your trash:

 

Trash bins with basketball hoops is a nice and very attractive twist to regular recycling collection bins.

Just stick a basketball hoop above the recycling collection bin, and that’s it. Or, to make it more efficient, you can also put different bins for each type of waste like glass, paper, plastic and metal etc.

This way, it can help us prevent littering, recycle the trash, and practice our aim at the same time! 

 

Pros:

• People love basketball and they find these trash bins very tempting.
• The trash gets sorted into various categories without any extra efforts.

 

Cons:

• Missed targets by people with bad aim can lead to litter along the road.
• Sometimes, people throw trash too hard which may damage the basket.

 

Problem 5: Some Problems Cannot Be Solved Alone

 

Sometimes the problem is so huge that local authorities or municipality/ government cannot handle or solve it alone. It needs the support of the residents too.

In many areas, residents come together to clean up their roads and especially the beaches.

In India, many such beach clean-up drives are arranged every year immediately after the Ganesha festival.

Clean up drives can create wonders. But most of the times people are reluctant to come together due to lack of time and will for that cause.

Sometimes solutions are easier than we think, and we can even solve hardest of the problems effortlessly just by coming together and working out a good strategy.

Let’s have a look at this very unique example.

 

What Happens When 1 Million People Flush At The Same Time?

Synchronized toilet flushing gave new life to old sewage pipes in Zimbabwe

 

Bulawayo is the second-largest city in Zimbabwe. 

Due to rapid increase in population in last few years, city’s aging sewer system was already burdened.

And a severe drought made the situation worse.

The city experienced a severe water shortage and quite often people went without water for three consecutive days.

Due to waste that would have accumulated in sanitary facilities which will have been affected by days of water outages.

Failure to flush caused the accumulation of waste that led to blockage in sewers and raw sewage was flowing in the streets, giving open invitation to many dangerous diseases.

Without water keeping the sewage system moving, city’s poorly maintained wastewater infrastructure was getting damaged from within.

Lack of water in the sewage pipes had already led some to burst.

So, immediate action was needed to solve this problem before it’s too late.

Repairing the entire sewer system in such a short period of time was definitely not feasible.

So, the city officials came with a unique and out of the box solution to change this doomed city’s fate.

 

Synchronized Toilet Flushing

• In 2012, when water supplies were restored, Bulawayo city council asked its more than 1 million residents to flush their toilets simultaneously.
• Council workers visited townships warning people that they risked a fine if they failed to flush during the stipulated hour.
• As a result, at least a million people flushed their toilets, well, all at once in an attempt to flush out any blockage in the sewer pipes.
• Just imagine the quantity of water when so many people flush at the same time. That’s a lot of water entering the system at once. Just beyond my imagination!
• Initially, they repeated the process every three days, to completely get rid of waste accumulated in sewers.

 

Some Drawbacks:

• Many of the residents were not aware of the initiative.
• It was not practically possible for everyone to stay at home and flush at a specific time due to various reasons.

 

Impact:

So, was it a smart move?

Definitely yes!

Although this idea was really good at that time, there were some who ridiculed the initiative as it was just a hack to solve the problem quickly and not a permanent solution.

Upgrading the age old and poorly maintained sewage system was the ultimate solution on all the related future problems.

Still, this initiative showed that the combination of smart ideas and people’s support can create wonders in achieving big goals and solving hardest of the problems effortlessly.

 

A Quick Recap at solutions to reduce/ prevent littering in your area:

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For People:

• Don’t Litter. Throw waste in dustbin only
• Don’t spit, stick chewing gums or urinate in public places
• Immediately condemn people if found doing so
• Just don’t think about keeping your house clean, but the surroundings too
• Arrange public clean up drives in your area
• Educate your kids about importance of cleanliness and sanitation

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For Government:

• Create awareness about civic sense and social ethics
• Provide sufficient public toilets for free / less pay–to-use charges and maintain them properly
• Make strict laws for littering and implement them
• Put up more trash bins, make them easy to spot and empty them regularly
• Work on innovative and out of the box solutions, initiatives and punishments to create more impact

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Do you have any innovative ideas related to prevent littering? Do you think they would work where you live? Leave your opinions in the comment section at the end of this article. Let’s make this world a better place!

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Don’t just stop here.

There is so much more to explore… Hop on it NOW!

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Have you tried our Picture Quotes?

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References:

1. https://www.zerowastescotland.org.uk/litter-flytipping/top-campaigns

2. https://www.lolwot.com/10-creative-ways-to-help-people-stop-littering/

3. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/littering-effects-humans-animals-environment.php

4. https://www.oddee.com/item_99512.aspx

5. https://www.lolwot.com/10-creative-ways-to-help-people-stop-littering/

6. http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-19704766

7. https://www.citylab.com/life/2012/09/city-zimbabwe-institutes-mandatory-twice-weekly-toilet-flush/3405/

8. https://nypost.com/2018/08/11/french-theme-park-trains-crows-to-pick-up-trash/

9. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4784769/french-theme-park-trains-crows-to-pick-up-trash-1.4784772

10. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/french-theme-park-taught-crows-pick-trash-180969996/

11. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-problems-solutions-littering.php

12. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/05/town-mails-dog-poop-spain_n_3390191.html

13. https://www.dogster.com/the-scoop/town-brunete-spain-mails-dog-poop-back-to-owners

14. https://www.forbes.com/sites/lauriewinkless/2016/07/31/the-science-behind-the-paint-that-pees-back/#3424237a701b